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3 – Secular Music in the Middle AgesĬomposed by French nobles who were poet-musicians Troubadours (southern France) Trouvères (northern France) Performed by jongleurs (traveling minstrels) Song topics: love, Crusades, dancing, spinning songs Instrumental dancesĩ Listening - Estampie Medieval dance music Strong beat (for dancing) 79 Basic Set, CD 1:66 Brief Set, CD 1:50 Chant Originally written without accompaniment This recording includes a drone-long, sustained notes Note extended range of melody Written for nuns by a nun (sung in a convent)Ĩ Ch. Hildegard of Bingen Vocal Music Guide: p. 76 Basic Set, CD 1:63 Brief Set, CD 1:47 Gregorian Chant Monophonic texture Ternary form: A B Aħ Listening O successores (You successors) Chant (We Have Seen His Star) Vocal Music Guide: p. Official music of the Roman Catholic church No longer common since 2nd Vatican Council ( ) Represents the voice of the church rather than an individual Monophonic melody set to Latin text Melodies tend to move by steps in a narrow range Flexible rhythm - without meter and sense of beat Named for Pope Gregory I (r ) Later the melodies were notated Notation developed over several centuries The Church Modes Basic scales made of different whole & half-step patternsĦ Listening Alleluia: Vidimus stellam Gregorian Chant Monophonic texture
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700 First Crusade-1066 Black Death- Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales – Joan of Arc executed by English-1431ģ The Middle Ages A thousand years of European historyĮarly - a time of migrations, upheavals & wars Later – a period of cultural growth Romanesque churches & monasteries Gothic cathedrals Crusades to recover the Holy City from the Muslims Class Distinctions Nobility sheltered in fortified castles knights in armor amused themselves with hunting, feasting & tournaments Peasants vast majority of population lived miserably subject to feudal overlords Clergy Roman Catholic church exerted power monks held a virtual monopoly on learningĬhurch was the center of musical life - Important musicians were priests - Women were not allowed to sing in church, but did make music in convents - Only sacred music was notated Music primarily vocal and sacred Instruments not used in church Few medieval instruments have survived Music manuscripts did not indicate tempo, dynamics or rhythmĥ Ch. Part II The Middle Ages 2011 © McGraw-Hill Higher EducationĢ Time Line Middle Ages (450-1450) Rome sacked by Vandals-455īeowulf-c. 1 Music: An Appreciation 10th Edition by Roger Kamien